Two-stage supply chain optimization with integer variables and operational data using MATLAB software

In today's world, due to the wide range and diversity of resources and products, meeting the needs of systems is a complex and difficult matter. Therefore, a chain of several factors needs to be formed to meet the process of meeting the needs of a system. Such a chain is called a supply chain. It is obvious that supply chain management and optimization can meet the needs optimally. So far, numerous solutions, methods, and models have been presented for optimizing supply chains. But in most of them, supply chains are considered as one-stage. That is, they assume the supply chain to be fully integrated or centrally managed, and as a result, potential fluctuations in the production processes of suppliers and the needs of customers are ignored. Fundamental changes have occurred in contemporary agricultural, manufacturing, industrial, and commercial environments. These changes have affected supply chains and caused them to face many challenges. One of these challenges is that in many cases, supply chains cannot meet the needs of customers in one stage. Rather, they have to meet orders in several stages. That is, today, in some systems, due to problems in meeting needs, they are forced to use multi-stage supply chains. In such supply chains, the needs of the final stage are met by regular and sequential activities of several stages in a row. Therefore, it is good to conduct research on the management and optimization of multi-stage supply chains.