Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) represent an advanced generation of wireless networking systems that exhibit numerous applications alongside unique challenges. Among the most important issues associated with WSNs are their constrained resources, necessity for autonomous functionalities, and inherent dynamic nature of their topology. Furthermore, the utmost energy consumption within these networks predominantly occurs during the process of data transmission. Over the recent decade, researchers have been endeavoring to enhance the operational efficiency of these networks through various strategies, including the improvement of existing protocols, the introduction of novel protocols, the enhancement of battery capacity, as well as innovations in chip design and radio frequency equipment. Given the various applications and limitations inherent to WSNs, the design of suitable protocols for signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC), and data routing assumes particular significance. Within WSNs, the radio equipment of sensor nodes constitutes the principal component responsible for energy consumption; thus, effective energy management and judicious utilization of radio equipments in WSNs is imperative. Operations at the data link layer, such as MAC control, are dependent on the utilization of the radio equipment. Consequently, the MAC methods employed within WSNs should engage in the organizing and regulating access to the transmission medium while simultaneously ensuring efficient energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is to investigate popular random MAC protocols within WSNs, which will facilitate the potential for their extension, as well as the design and development of new suitable random MAC protocols tailored for WSNs, to energy efficiency and prolonged network lifetime.